Article abstract

International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Science

Research Article | Published December 2019 | Volume 7, Issue 5, pp. 65-71.

doi: https://doi.org/10.33495/ijbfs_v7i5.19.109

 

Comparative assessment of the antibacterial profile of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

 

 

 

 

 

Akubuenyi Felix Chinedu

 

  Email Author

Tel. +2348035008093

 

Department of Microbiology, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.

 

 

 

 

…………....................……..............................…………….......………............……....…….......................................................……...........….........…………

Citation: Chinedu AF (2019). Comparative assessment of the antibacterial profile of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Int. J. Biotechnol. Food Sci. 7(5): 65-71.

…………....................……..............................…………….......………............……....…….......................................................……...........….........…………

 

 

 

 Abstract 


Aqueous and ethanol extracts of onion and garlic were evaluated for antibacterial susceptibility profile using disc dilution method. Each extract was evaluated at concentrations of 100%, 50% 25% and 12.5% against three common bacterial opportunistic pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans). Result showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strain had 25% sensitivity in onion aqueous extract while Candida albicans was resistant to it. Candida albicans showed 25% sensitivity in onion ethanol extract while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to it. Both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated 75% sensitivity to concentrations of aqueous garlic extract, with Candida albicans having 50% sensitivity. Result findings revealed that garlic aqueous extract had the highest antibacterial effect on test organisms, which indicates that it could be used in the treatment of diseases associated with the organisms; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This explains the basis for the use of these extracts in traditional medicine.

Keywords  Antimicrobial profile   Allium cepa   probiotics   Allium sativum   Opportunistic bacteria    traditional medicine  

Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0




 References


Adaramoye OA (2009). Comparative effects of vitamin E and kolaviron (a biflavonoid from garcinia kola) on carbon tetrachloride – induced renal oxidation damage in mice. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 12: 1146-1151.

Adesina GO, Jibo S, Agu VE, Ezrinmidu JO (2011). Antibacterial activity of fresh juice of Allium cepa and Zingiber officinale against multidrug resistant bacteria. Int. J. Pharm. Biosci. 2(2): 289-295.

Anuja S, Zine N, Prabhakar Z (2015). Comparative Study of Allium Cepa, Zingiber Officinale and Allium Sativum for Its Antimicrobial Property. Asian J. Pharm. Technol. Innovation. 3(12). www.asianpharmtech.com.

Arify T, Ezhilvalavan S, Varun A, Sundaresan A, Manimaran K (2018). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of garlic (Allium sativum) and Nilavembu (Andrographis paniculata). Int. J. Chem. Stud. 6(3): 1635-1638.

Bakht J, Khan S, Shafi M (2014). In Vitro antimicrobial activity of Allium cepa (dry bulbs) against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Pak. J. Pharm Sci. 27(1): 139-45.

Benmalek Y, Yahia OA, Belkebir A, Fardeau ML (2013). Anti-microbial and antioxidant activities of Illicium verum, Crataegus oxyacantha ssp monogyna and Allium cepa red and white varieties. Bioengineered. 4: 244-8.

Cowan M (2001). "Plant products as antimicrobial agents", Clinical microbiology Reviews. 12(4):564-582.

Daka D (2011). Antibacterial effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Staphylococcus aureus: An in vitro study. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10: 666-669.

Didry N, Dubreuil L, Pinkas M (1992). Antimicrobial activity of naphthaquinones and Allium extracts combined with antibiotics. Pharmaceutical J. 67:148-151.

El-Mahmood AM, Amey JM (2007). In vitro antibacterial activity of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) root bark extract against some microorganisms associated with urinary infections. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6(11): 1272-1275.

Fu HY (2004). Free radical scavenging and leukemia cell growth inhibitory properties of onion powder treated by different heating processes. J. Food Sc. 69:50-54.

Ghahfarokhi MS, Goodarzi MR, Abyanneh M, Al-Tirahi T, Seyedipour G (2004). Morphological evidence for onion-induced growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum and Trychophyton Mentagrophytes. Fitoterapia. 75:645-655.

Gupta SS (1994). Prospects and perspective of natural products in Medicine. Indian J. Pharmacol. 26:1-12.

Hague N, Salm U, Nurunmabi TR, Uddin MJ, Jahangir MFK, Islam SMZ, Kamruzzan M, (2011). Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus by lifestyles, diets and medicinal plants. Pak. J. Bio/Sci. 14:13-24.

Hannan T, Humayun M, Hussain M (2010). Yasir and S. Sikandar, "In vitro antibacterial activity of onion (Allium cepa) against clinical isolates of Vibrio cholera", J. Ayub Med. Coll Abbottabad. 22(2): 160-163.

Hong-Xi XU, Song FL (2001). Activity of plant flavonoids against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phytother. Res. 15:39-41.

Huzaifa U, Labaran I, Bello AB, Olatunde A (2014). Phytochemical screening of aqueous extraction of Garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Report and opinion. 6: 1-4.

Igra N, Rikhi SC (2019). Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Curcuma longa (Turmeric). J. Entomol. Zool. Stud. 7(1): 545-547.

Irkin R, Arslan M (2010). Effect of onion (Allium cepa) extract on microbiological quality of refrigerated beef meat. J. Muscle Food. 21:308-316.

Izzo AA, Capasso R, Capasso F (2004). Eating garlic and onion. A matter of life or death. Br. J. Cancer Pres. 91:194-194.

Jaouad B (2010). Polyphenols: A new strategy for the prevention and potential treatment of anxiety and depression. Curr. Nutr. Food sci. 6:13-18.

Jehan B, Muhammad T, Huma A, Amjad I, Mohammad S (2011). Effect of different solvent extracted sample of Allium sativum (Linn.) on bacteria and fungi. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10: 5910-5915.

Khan MN, Munawar MA, Mahmud S, Qureshi AK, Rehman S (2007). Characterization of essential oil of local varieties of Citrus grandis. J. Chem. Soc. Pak. 29 (3): 272–274.

Kirby-Bauer (1996). Antimicrobial sensitivity testing by agar diffusion method. Afr J. Clin. Pathol. 44: 493.

Kodali R, Eslick T, Guy D (2015). "Meta-analysis: Does garlic intake reduce risk of gastric cancer?". Nutr. Canc. 67(1): 1-11.

Lampe J (1999). "Health effects of vegetables and fruits: assessing mechanisms of action in human experimental studies". Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 475-90.

Lanzotti V (2006). The analysis of onion and garlic. J. Chromatogr. A. 11(12): 3-22.

Lee JK, Murakami WS, Ohigashi H (2009). Suppressive properties of extracts from Japanese edible plants regarding nitric oxide generation. Asian pacific J. Cancer Prevents. 10:263-272.

Oboh PA, Abula EO (1997). The antimicrobial activities of extracts of Sidium guajava and Citrus aurantifolia. Niger. J. Biotechnol. 8(1): 25-29.

Onyeagba RA, Ugbogu OC, Okeke CU, Iroakasi O (2004). Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). Afr. J Biotechnol. 3: 552-554.

Park S, Kim MY, Lee DH, Lee SH, Baik EJ, Moon CH, Park SW, Ko EY, Oh SR, Jung YS (2009). Methanolic extract of Onion (Allium cepa) attenuates Ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardimyocytes via antioxidants effects. Eur, J. Nutr. 48:235-442.

Rehman ZU, Munir MT (2015). Effect of garlic on the health and performance of broilers. Open Access J. Veterinaria. 3(1):32-39. 17

Reuter HD, Koch HP, Lawson DL (1996). The Science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum and related spices. 2nd Edition Williams and Wilkins Baltimore, M. D. p. 135-212.

Santas J, Almajano MP, Carbo R (2010). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Crude oil onion (Allum cepa) extracts. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 45:403-409.

Shaloo V, Sopreet K, Joginder S, Akshay G (2015). Antibacterial effects of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract on different pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. RJPBCS. 6: 1103.

Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Shokoohamiri MR, Amirragab N, Moghadasi B, Moghadasi B, Ghajari A, Zeini F, Sadeghi G, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M (2006). In vitro antifungal activities of Allium cepa, Allium sativam and ketoconazole against some pathogenic yeast and dermatophytes. Fitoterapia. 77: 32-323.

Singh BN, Singh BR, Singh RL Prakash D, Singh DP, Sarma BK, Upadhyay G, Singh HB (2009). Polyphenolics from various extracts/fractions of red onion (Allium sp.) peel with potent antioxidant and antimutagenic activities. Food Chem. Toxicol. 47:1161-1167.

Song HS, Sawamura M, Ito T, Ido A, Ukedo H (2000). Quantitative determination and characteristics flavour of daidai (Citrus aurantium L. var. cyathifera Y. Tanaka) peel oil. J. Flav. Fragr. 15 (5): 323-328.

Trease GE, Evans WC (2002). Phytochemicals. In: Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. Saunders Publishers, London. 42-44, 221- 229, 246- 249, 304-306, 331-332, 391-393.

Wilson EA, Adams B (2007). Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of garlic and onions. Nutr. Food Sci. 37(3):178-183.

Wolde T, Kuma H, Trueha K, Yabeker A (2018). Anti-bacterial activity of Garlic extract against human pathogenic bacteria. J. Pharmacovigil. 6(1): 2-5.

Woo HD, Park S, Oh K, Kim HJ, Shin HR, Moon HK, Kim J (2014). "Diet and cancer risk in the Korean population: a meta-analysis". Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prevention. 15(19): 8509–19.

Zhou XF, Ding ZS, Liu NB (2013). “Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: evidence from 132,192 subjects". Asian Pacific J. Cancer Prevention. 14(7): 4131-4.

Zhou YZ, Hu W, Liu GJ, Wu TX, Wu XT (2011). "Consumption of large amounts of Allium vegetables reduces risk for gastric cancer in a meta-analysis". Gastroenterology. 141(1): 80-89.