Article abstract

Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research

Research Article | Published November 2018 | Volume 6, Issue 5, pp. 88-96

 

Distribution and frequency of wheat stem rust races (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia

 


 

 

Netsanet Bacha Hei1*

Tsegaab Tesfaye1

Getaneh Woldeab1

Endale Hailu1

Bekele Hundie2

Daniel Kassa2

Fikirte Yirga2

Fufa Anbessa3

Wubishet Alemu4

Teklay Abebe5

Miruts Legesse5

Alemar Seid6

Tesfaye Gebrekirstos7

 

Email Author

 

1. Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ambo Plant Protection Research Center, Ambo, Ethiopia.


2. Ethiopian InstitutYe of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia.

3. Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Bore Agricultural Research Center, Bore, Ethiopia.

4. Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.

5. Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Alamata Agricultural Research Center, Alamata, Ethiopia.

6. Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Areka Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia..

7. Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekele Agricultural Research Center, Mekele, Ethiopia.


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Citation: Hei NB, Tesfaye T, Woldeab G, Hailu E, Hundie B, Kassa D, Yirga F, Anbessa F, Alemu W, Abebe T, Legesse M, Seid A, Gebrekirstos T (2018). Distribution and frequency of wheat stem rust races (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Ethiopia. J. Agric. Crop Res. 6(5): 88-96.

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 Abstract 


Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. The stem rust pathogen is capable to rapidly develop new virulence to resistance genes owing to mutation and genetic recombination. Ethiopian highlands are known hot spots for the rapid evolution and spread of new rust races. The present study was conducted to investigate the virulence diversity and spatial distribution of races of Pgt in the major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia. The physiologic races of the rust fungus were determined on seedlings of the standard wheat stem rust differentials following the international system of nomenclature. Three hundred and forty-seven samples were analyzed in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons from Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples’ regions. From 179 samples analyzed in 2014 six races which included TKTTF, TTKSK, TTTTF, TRTTF, PKTTF and TTTSF were identified. Seven races TKTTF, TTTTF, TRTTF, TTKSK, SJPQC, JRCSF and JRCQC were identified from 168 stem rust samples analyzed in 2015. Race TKTTF (Digelu race) was predominant and widely distributed in all the regions with 63.1 and 89.3% frequencies in 2014 and 2015, respectively. It was virulent on all the Sr genes except Sr11, Sr24 and Sr31. The widest virulence spectrum was noted on race TTTTF making 90% of the Sr genes non-effective. This race also had wide spatial distribution next to TKTTF with frequencies of 32.4% in 2014 and 6% in 2015 cropping seasons. Race TTKSK (Ug99) was detected only in Oromia with frequency of less than 5% in the seasons. Most genes possessed by the differentials were ineffective against one or more of the tested isolates. Only the differential host carrying Sr24 was effective to all the races identified in the regions. Hence, Sr24 can be used as sources of resistance in wheat breeding programs of the country, preferable in combination with other genes.

Keywords  Race   stem rust   Sr resistance genes   virulence diversity   wheat  

 

 

Copyright © 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

 

 

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