The instructions for authors include information about preparing a manuscript for submission to International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, criteria for publication and the online submission process.


Submission Process

Microsoft Word formats of Manuscript (MS) should be submitted in electronic form (e-mail attachment) to the Editorial Office ijbfs@sciencewebpublishing.net.

Note: For Articles with multiple authors, we would expect a "corresponding author" to be responsible for the article during the refereeing process after submission.


Ethics

Authors must give assurance that no part of manuscript reporting original work is being considered for publication in whole or in part elsewhere. The corresponding author must affirm that all of the other authors have read and approved of the manuscript.

Cover Letter

The cover letter should be a separate word file alongside the manuscript sent as an email message and should contain;

• Full names of author(s) and affiliations
• A short biography of author (s)
• The corresponding author's full address and telephone/fax numbers

The name of the corresponding author should be marked with an asterisk (*) for identification.


Manuscript Style

All manuscript should be clearly written in a concise grammatical correct English manner. If English is not your first language, please ask an English-speaking colleague to proofread your article prior to submission to ensure it is of a high standard and conforms to a high level of scientific writing. Arial font style with font size 10 should be used. The entire manuscript should be typed double spaced, with margins of 1 inch each side. All pages should be numbered consecutively. Indent new paragraphs. The style of heading and subheading should be as follows:

• The first heading should be left, justified bold and in uppercase letters.
• The first sub-heading should be left justified, bold and title case.
• Sub-sub-headings should be left justified, bold, italics and title case.
• Sub-sub-sub-headings should be left justified, bold, italics and title case.

Manuscripts that do not conform to these requirements and manuscript format may be returned to the author for correction


Order of Manuscript

The manuscript submitted to the International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Sciences should be presented in the following order.


Title Page

The title page should contain the title of paper, running title (optional), names (s) and address (es) of the author (s), the name of the corresponding author (marked with asterisk) along with phone, fax/E-mail information, an abstract and keywords.


Abstract

The abstract must be brief, informative and self-explanatory and should be written in past tense. It must not exceed 250 words in length and should concisely summarize all important results of the paper without excessive methodical and experimental details. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided.


Key words

Below the abstract, about 3 to 10 key words characterizing the paper should be listed.


Introduction

The introduction should give a concise background and provide the rationale to the presented study. It should provide a clear statement of the problem and should be understandable to colleagues from a broad range of scientific disciplines.


Materials and Methods

This should give detailed and sufficient information of materials and procedures used to allow experiments to be reproduced. Previously published procedures and sources of laboratory procedures should be cited. Information on the equipment model, manufacturer’s name and address including the city, province/state and country should be provided. The procedures should be written in past tense and should consist of paragraphs with individual methods


Results

This should describe the design of the experiment and the obtained results. All tables, figures, graphs, statistical analyses and sample calculations should be presented in this section.


Discussion

The discussion should relate the presented results to those of previous own or other studies, interprets them and draw conclusions. It can outline working hypotheses, theories, and applications. A combined section of Results and Discussion (may include subheadings) is optional.


Acknowledgement

This is an optional section that should contain acknowledgements of personal and/or financial assistance.


References

A. Examples of citation in text

The use of an author's name (without initials) followed by a date or year of publication is used for references found in text.

For Single author's
Perry (2003) early proved that... This is in agreement with the results obtained by several authors (Brown, 1999; Kramer, 2004; Smith, 2008).

For two author's
Zhang and Cheng (2001) reported that... This was later found to be incorrect (Kumar and Ahmed, 2000).

For three or more authors
When there are more than two authors, only the first author‘s name should be mentioned, followed by ’et al‘ as seen below.

Prince et al. (1990) stated that... Similar results were reported recently (Smith et al., 2003).

In the event that an author cited has had two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in the text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like ’a‘ and ’b‘ after the date to distinguish the works. For Instance (Stephen, 2001a,b).


B. List of References

References should be listed at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Journal names are abbreviated according to Chemical Abstracts. Citations of articles in preparation' or manuscript submitted', unpublished observations etc are not allowed. The author(s) name(s) and date or year of publication should be bold excluding the article title, journal name, issue, volume and page numbers.

In the Case of Journal papers for example,

Gupta A, Gupta VK, Modi DR, Yadava LP (2008). Production and Characterization of α-Amylase from Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol. 7: 551-556.
Martin CA, Carapelli R, Visantainer JV, Matsushita M, Evelazio de Souza N (2005). Trans fatty acid content in Brazilian biscuits. Food Chem. 93:445-448.


In the Case of Text Book for example,

Navabi Z (1998). Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems. 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill, New York. pp: 632.
Berg JM, John LT, Stryer L (2007). Biochemistry. 5th Ed. W.H. Freeman, New York. pp.580.


In the Case of Book Chapter for example,

Katz RH (1986). Computer-Aided Design Databases. In: New Directions for Database Systems, Ariav G and Clifford J, (Eds.), Intellect Books, Norwood, NJ, pp: 110-123.
Ashie INA, Lanier TC (2000). Transglutaminases in Seafood Processing. In: Seafood Enzymes Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality, Haard NF and Simpson BK (Eds.), Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, NY, pp: 271-275.


In the Case of Conference Proceedings for example,

Magott J, Skudlarski K (1989). Combining Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets and PERT Networks For The Performance Evaluation Of Concurrent Processes. Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models, Dec. 11-13, IEEE Xplore Press, Japan, pp: 249-256.
Baird-Parker AC, Baillie MAH (1974.) The Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by Nitrite and Sodium Chloride. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nitrite in Meat Products, Sep.10-14, Zeist, the Netherlands, pp: 268.


In the Case of Government Publications (Some will still have specific authors – find them if you can) for example,

Forastieri V (1999). The ILO Programme for Occupational Safety and Health in Agriculture. International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Sheng TC (1989). Soil Conservation for Small Farmers in the Humid Tropics. FAO Soils Bulletin No. 60. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. United Nations, 2001. Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. United Nations Press, New York, USA.


Tables

Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. Each table should be on a separate page, numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals with short descriptive titles and supplied with a heading and a legend. Tables are to be typed double-spaced throughout, including headings and footnotes. Columns are to be seperated with horizontal lines only. Column headings should be brief, with units of measurement in parentheses. All abbreviations should be defined in footnotes. Use superscript letters (not numbers) for footnotes and keep footnotes to a minimum.


Figures

Figure legends should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIF, TIFF, JPEG or Powerpoint before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Fig 1). Begin each legend with a title and include sufficient description so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript. Information given in legends should not be repeated in the text. Line figures should be supplied as sharp, black and white or color diagrams, drawn with a computer graphics package. Photographs should be sharp and magnifications should be indicated on photographs using a scale bar. Graphics should be supplied as high resolution (at least 300 d.p.i.) electronic files. Digital images supplied as low-resolution cannot be used. The legend should incorporate definitions of any symbols used and all abbreviations and units of measurement should be explained so that the figure can be understood without reference to the text.


Gallery Proofs

Electronic proofs are sent via email-attachment to the corresponding author's as a PDF (Portable Document Format) file after the final review is completed and should be returned within 48 hours of receipt. Authors are required to note that this is the final version of the manuscript and no significant changes will be made at this stage other than typographical or minor clerical errors. Manuscript with alterations to the text and figures (other than minor errors) will be subjected to re-evaluation and authors may be charged for excessive alterations. Authors can freely download the PDF file from which they can print unlimited copies of their articles.


Page Charges

The  International Journal of Biotechnology and Food Sciences do not receive direct funding or support from any governmental or external agency, therefore, authors are required to pay a processing fee of $500 for each article accepted for publication. These charges cover some of the costs for the journal's production, online availability, hosting and archiving and allows a greater circulation for the journal as well as immediate online availability for unlimited data download worldwide.


Submission Checklist

Please ensure that all requirements on the following checklist have been met before submitting your article.

• The submission file must be in MS Word format.
• Submitted articles should not have been previously published or be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.
• The text meets the writing and formatting requirements outlined in our instruction for authors.